Cancer arising after pancreas and/or kidney transplantation in a series of 99 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE Recipients of solid organ transplants have an increased risk of developing certain types of malignancies as compared with the general population. The majority of the literature has reported on neoplasms in kidney and heart transplant recipients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We describe 9 neoplasms occurring in 7 out of 73 IDDM patients after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. No cases were recorded among 26 IDDM recipients of kidney transplantation. RESULTS Among the neoplasms found were 2 cases of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), malignant melanoma, basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin in the same patient, squamous-cell carcinoma in situ of the vulva, hepatocarcinoma, small-cell lung cancer, and ductal carcinoma of the breast. Four patients died. Among immunological risk factors, over-immunosuppression for steroid-resistant kidney rejection was administered only in the 2 cases of PTLD. CONCLUSIONS Increased dosage of immunosuppressive agents may be necessary in some patients of prevent or treat rejection in view of their reduced survival on hemodialysis.